The price difference is because the oxides don’t require the extra processing to chelate the magnesium with a carbon-containing group. For laminitis horses, improvements in hoof form and function can take several months to be consistent as the new stronger lamellar connection grows down from the coronet, although improvements in foot comfort can often be seen within a month. Magnesium helps cells respond to insulin. It has been reported to have a calming effect as well as being beneficial for obese horses and those predisposed to grass induced laminitis. Laminitis is one of the biggest killers of horses, second only to colic. General Advice for Horse with Laminitis Example Only – Suggested Use – Magnesium for Horses – ARTICLES & VIDEOS FEEDING METHODS: Step 1 Dissolve 15g (1 tbsp) flakes in 150ml water and add 10ml of the resulting solution to each feed, preferably twice daily. If proved to be correct, this could perhaps explain why horses grazing C4 fructan-free grasses that accumulate starch appear to be just as vulnerable to laminitis and hoof problems as horses grazing C3 fructan accumulating grasses; they both have the potential to be metabolised to fructose by gut bacteria. Why do horses need supplemental magnesium? Rapid Recovery from Major Depression using Magnesium Treatment, G. Eby, K. Eby, 2006 Magnesium and Potassium in LAF, P. Chambers, Bioavailability of US Commercial Magnesium Preparations, Firoz & Graber, 2001 Magnesium Oxide Bioavailability Update, G. Miller, PhD, Premier Chemicals The Fat Switch, Richard J Johnson, MD, Mercola Books, 2012, Excitotoxins, The Taste That Kills, Russell L Blaylock, MD, Health Press, 1997, Gut & Psychology Syndrome, N. Campbell-­‐McBride, MD, MMedSci (neurology), MMedSci (nutrition), Medinform, 2010. Increasing quantity or strength too quickly may cause scouring. Magnesium also helps the cells be more flexible and permeable to insulin. A study was done to compare absorption rates of various types of magnesium supplements; it was found that magnesium chloride had a high bioavailability rate, similar to the chelated supplements magnesium lactate and magnesium aspartate. Feeding magnesium chloride eliminates the need for breakdown in the stomach which results in a much higher absorption rate. This would include travel, changed living or herd environment, extremes of heat and cold, injury, pain, even the physical exertion of exercise. High levels of blood glucose, from a diet high in sugar/NSC, increases the body’s need for magnesium but at the same time will cause magnesium to be excreted through the kidneys and urine, thus magnifying any existing dietary magnesium deficiency. However, before you go out and purchase a magnesium supplement for your horse we need to understand how magnesium works in the equine body and the potential problems can arise if too much is fed. Hua H, Gonzales J, Rude RK. The majority of horses who are supplemented with magnesium chloride do not need additional sources of vitamins or commercially prepared minerals, although this is dependent on individual horses and living conditions. It can be a direct result of magnesium deficiency. Low magnesium status is often not reported in overweight horses or those predisposed to or suffering from laminitis also, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. Health, Newsdate: Fri, 19 Apr 2013 - 8:50 am These pastures were often ‘improved’ by the addition of imported grass species which can accumulate a very high sugar content, suitable for achieving high milk yields and rapid growth in cattle. It has been suggested that in humans with type II diabetes with low magnesium status magnesium can improve insulin sensitivity. Fortunately, in the last 10 to 20 years there have been great strides in understanding the causes of this terrible condition. Laminitis is a complex cascade of events that causes the soft tissues (laminae) within the hoof to swell, weaken and die. Little if any controlled trials have tested dietary supplements or feed additives. The link between magnesium deficiency and insulin resistance There appears to be a clear connection between lack of cellular magnesium and metabolic problems such as insulin resistance (IR). Any major changes in weather will have an impact on sugar levels in pasture grasses. Magnesium can calm the nervous and cardio-vascular systems and induces muscle relaxation. Numerous horses displaying external signs of insulin resistance such as a cresty neck and localised fat pads around the withers and tail-head have been observed to lose those external signs of IR within a few weeks of commencing magnesium supplementation. This lower level can be maintained until a known increased need arises, for example, impending travel, competition or increase in sugar intake. It has a sugar free formulation, making it ideal for horses prone to laminitis. Researchers are suggesting that more studies are needed to see if magnesium supplementation over and above the level normally provided in the diet does have any beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity and laminitis in the horse. Broadly Laminitis can be divided it to three forms; concussion-induced (cause by fast work on a hard surface), caused by another medical condition (such as Cushings syndrome) or feed-induced. The development of laminitis (also termed founder) is inflammation of the laminae of the foot – the soft tissue structures that attach the coffin or pedal bone of the foot to the hoof wall. Magnesium deficiency has been reported to result in insulin resistance by other researchers. Magnes Res. However, owners of horses grazing non-fructan pastures in warmer regions such as Queensland will verify that their horses are just as susceptible to laminitis and hoof problems as horses grazing fuctan-rich pastures in cooler regions. It would be interesting to know if supplemental magnesium is able to assist in reducing or preventing the depletion of ATP energy consequent to the action of fructokinase on fructose produced from ingested fructan and starch. For more information see the subpage for Calcium under the Diet main heading on www.gravelproofhoof.org. Magnesium affects insulin secretion and its action in the cells. This leads to the production of oxidants, and systemic inflammation via bacterial products entering the blood, and could be implicated in the cascade of biological events that lead to founder. It is advisable to monitor the horse closely for any signs of returning magnesium deficiency so that the dosage rate can be increased if necessary. TW Balon, A Jasman, S Scott, WP Meehan, RK Rude and JL Nadler Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010. Experience with numerous horses indicates that the strength of the magnesium chloride solution can be slowly increased over a couple of months until no more than a slight softening of the manure is observed (assuming visible signs of magnesium deficiency have not been eliminated prior to that point). Magnesium may play a role in insulin resistance and equine metabolic syndrome. For "feed", you might consider a hay pellet. If the same ratio applies to equines, it is not hard to see why horses consuming high-sugar grasses or feeds require large volumes of magnesium to metabolise that sugar. Dr Seelig was both a practicing physician and researcher who devoted some 40 years to investigating magnesium; she was a President and Executive Director of the prestigious American College of Nutrition and founding editor of its Journal. Magnesium has an important part to play part in muscle and nerve and function. Chromium helps make muscle more sensitive to insulin so glucose can be taken into the muscle cells more easily. As an animal lover since childhood, Flossie was delighted when Mark, the CEO and developer of EquiMed asked her to join his team of contributors. Two such nutrients that are currently creating some interest are magnesium, which is essential for a horse in its own right and the common spice cinnamon. Suitable for horses and ponies, the WeighTape makes it easy for you to keep your horse at the correct condition score when trying to avoid laminitis. This has been an expensive and time-consuming solution as pasture must be replaced by hay. This affects the functioning of various kinds of cells in ways that bring on syndrome X “. Horses with IR should also not have sweet feed, treats with sugar, or anything with molasses in it. Magnesium is an essential nutrient for horses, but the enthusiasm with which it is added to horse feeds defies all the science – you will find links to the science from this article. May 20, 2014. Learn how your comment data is processed. It helps prevent laminitis in horses especially in those that are more prone to laminitis in the spring. Similarly, during drought conditions when there is almost no grass available for grazing, sugars may be very high in what little grass is left; when rain does return the rapid growth of new shoots will very quickly increase the volume of sugar being ingested. Magnesium is needed directly for over 350 biochemical processes within the body, energy production being foremost. The white crystalline flakes of magnesium chloride hexahydrate are produced from evaporated, naturally- occurring saltwater from which sodium has been removed. It's a good mineral to be consider as a supplement for "nervousness" and cresty-necked horses, easy keepers (aka metabolic syndrome horses) and actual insulin-resistant horses. The maintenance Mg requirement for horses has been estimated at 13 mg/kg body wt/day and can be provided by a diet containing 0.16% Mg (1,600 ppm of feed) or by adding Mg oxide at 31 mg/kg/day, MgCO 3 at 64 mg/kg/day, or MgSO 4 at 93 mg/kg/day. Some fascinating research has been done recently by Prof Richard Johnson that indicates both fructan and starch can be metabolised to fructose by gut bacteria, suggesting that it is fructose that is ultimately the cause of weight-gain and obesity in both horses and humans. Research is needed to determine if hoof lamella cells could be added to an equivalent equine list of the consequences of low cellular magnesium, on the basis that low magnesium/high calcium may disrupt magnesium-dependent ATP production, resulting in a weakened lamella connection. However, perhaps currently one of the most important areas of interest is around those nutrients or nutraceuticals that might counter either the development of insulin resistance or the effects of being insulin resistant. This may be important when formulating oral replacement fluids for inappetent horses. The unpleasant taste can be masked by dissolving the flakes in water before mixing into a feed. Horses with colic that results in endotoxin release or laminitis are known to often have low blood magnesium levels, and there is hope that treatment with magnesium during these critical times may decrease the amount of damage that occurs. This may be important when formulating oral replacement fluids for inappetent horses. It can be a direct result of magnesium deficiency. Relaxation of a stiff, braced posture usually occurs after a couple of weeks. © 2020 EquiMed, LLC. Helpful information on pasture sugar content can be found in the 2010 RIRDC publication Equine Laminitis, Managing Pasture to Reduce Risk. It is suggested that even at low doses cinnamon could have significant effects on fasting glucose concentrations. User Agreement and Privacy Policy. The normal blood level for Magnesium in horses is 2.2-2.7mg/dl, according to NRC, serum magnesium values below 1.6mg/dl are defined as hypomagnesaemia. The majority of readily available horse feeds and forages are grown commercially with the help of fertilizers that contain little or no magnesium. Magnesium deficient horses often have behavioral problems due to muscle cramping and a poor tolerance for work. Magnesium citrate has a much better absorption rate than magnesium oxide, but … Unfortunately, when horse owners are looking for a magnesium supplement for their horses, they will often choose magnesium oxide because it is less expensive than the organic forms. Conversely, lack of sunlight can increase pasture potassium levels which may inhibit magnesium absorption, thereby increasing need for magnesium. Visit: www.nettexequine.com ... palatable source of magnesium, in addition to other ingredients. As the body can only absorb so much at a time, this may take many months and will depend on the quantity of high-sugar feeds ingested, how much magnesium is excreted and the needs of each individual horse. Laminitis  Laminitis   Magnesium for HorsesMagnesium for horses Magnesium for horses magnesium for horses, Sources : Equine Laminitis, Managing Pasture to Reduce Risk, K. Watts, C. Pollit, RIRDC, 2010 Magnesium Chloride for Health and Rejuvenation, B. Bourke, W. Last, Nexus, 2008 The Magnesium Factor, M. Seelig, A. Rosanoff, Avery, 2003, The Magnesium Miracle, C. Dean, Ballantine, 2008, Building Bone Vitality, A. Lanou, M. Castleman, McGraw Hill, 2009 The Calcium Lie, R. Thompson, In Truth Press, 2008. Elektra Life Pty Ltd can provide trace mineral analysis down to 10ppb showing no mercury and no lead. So what about horses? Laminitis results from the disruption (constant, intermittent or short-term) of blood flow to the sensitive and insensitive laminae. If this happens, reduce the amount fed for a few days, or even skip entirely for a couple of days, then start again at a much lower level, working up more gradually. Magnesium transport induced ex vivo by a pharmacological dose of insulin is impaired in non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. Cinnamon may be an unusual spice to feed to a horse but in human medicine there is increasing interest in this spice due to its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity particularly in people suffering with type II diabetes. However, with these cresty/laminitic horses and ponies, magnesium status has reached a critical level and is best repleted by use of magnesium alone (as Gretchen found out). Too much magnesium of any form is not desirable but even small amounts of some forms of magnesium, for example magnesium sulphate (Epsom salts) can cause scouring as it acts as an irritant to the intestinal lining. Horses with colic that results in endotoxin release or laminitis are known to often have low blood magnesium levels, and there is hope that treatment with magnesium during these critical times may decrease the amount of damage that occurs. Laminitis is quite unlike any other equine disease. The daily gap will progressively expand to a whole-body deficit, which may result in negative consequences for the horse’s longterm health and soundness. Magnesium can play an important role in the reducing equine obesity, and can lessen the risk of laminitis in prone animals during periods of strong spring grass growth. The reality is that domestic horses are frequently kept on pastures that were previously used for dairying and/or cattle production. Supplementation with this mineral might improve insulin sensitivity, particularly in overweight horses. They may be borderline and only exhibit signs during competition or stress. Consequently many horse owners have been forced to remove their horses from all pasture, or at least have grazing limited to one or two hours per day. Magnesium oxide is the form of magnesium usually given to horses and livestock – probably because it is usually the cheapest form and it has a very neutral taste. Dac Formula Calm B. Dac formula Calm B is an all-natural, drug-free powder supplement that … EquiMed® and Horse Health Matters® are registered trademarks of EquiMed, LLC. (also termed founder) is inflammation of the laminae of the foot – the soft tissue structures that attach the coffin or pedal bone of the foot to the hoof wall. Flax has been shown to really help IR horses. Some studies have been done to investigate the role of insulin resistance in magnesium transport, concluding that insulin resistance and magnesium depletion ‘may result in a vicious cycle of worsening insulin resistance and decrease in intracellular Mg(2+) which may limit the role of magnesium in vital cellular processes’. However, before you go out and purchase a magnesium supplement for your horse we need to understand how magnesium works in the equine body and the potential problems can arise if too much is fed. Overweight or insulin resistant horses have been seen to lose their grass belly within a month – many of these horses also benefit from receiving a small amount of supplemental chromium. Many different forms of magnesium are available for horses, ranging from very expensive chelated organic magnesium products to cheap inorganic raw materials. Magnesium cannot be expected to compensate for the high levels of sugar and starch found in grains, cereals, molasses and other sweet- feeds. Important: Supplemental minerals, including magnesium, should not be fed to any horse with existing renal problems. Cessation of deficiency signs has been found to be the only reliable way to determine that any individual horse is receiving an adequate daily supply of magnesium from all sources. In a one-year study of Danish horses with and without laminitis, Harris and Nanna Luthersson, DVM, found that allowing a previously pasture-restricted horse to … Horses tend to respond well to large amounts of supplemental magnesium. The metabolic pathway through which magnesium could be involved is in the essential production of ATP energy within all cells, including hoof lamella. All forms of dry magnesium chloride are bitter tasting and likely to be unpalatable for most horses. 1995 Dec;8(4):359-66. Laminitis, sometimes called founder, is a painful and distressing condition of the horse's hoof that leads to chronic, incurable lameness. Low magnesium status is often not reported in overweight horses or those predisposed to or suffering from laminitis also, but that doesnâ t mean it doesnâ t exist. The rapid breakdown of fructose by the enzyme fructokinase in the liver, small intestine, caecum and large intestine etc causes ‘cell shock’, a brief period in which the cells become depleted of ATP energy. Metabolic horse supplements for equine metabolic disorders including joint dysfunction, laminitis, cushings disease, insulin-resistant or glucose-intolerant horses. It can also lessen the risk of laminitis in horses that are prone to it. When body stores of magnesium have been replenished, it should be possible to reduce the amount fed. Some have established a ‘track’ system where a narrow track around the perimeter of a paddock is fenced off, and most of the grass either killed or grazed down to virtually nothing. Magnesium chloride is a very good source of magnesium as it is easily absorbed by the body. Magnesium for horses is vital for metabolism, regulation of blood sugar, maintaining muscle and nerve function, bones and teeth, and avoiding laminitis. Failure to provide sufficient magnesium for the horse’s daily needs will result initially in a small daily gap between need and intake, which may not be noticed. In many countries, regions with naturally acidic soils are likely to have low magnesium levels; horses grazing such pastures may need supplemental magnesium. As well as a high consumption of sugar, stress of any kind will cause large amounts of magnesium to be excreted. Some legume forages such as lucerne and clover are naturally high in calcium but will be low in magnesium if grown in magnesium deficient soils. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles. It is important for the sugar and starch content of any hard feeds to be kept as low as possible at all times. Flossie Sellers - 06/08/2013 For these reasons, horses that have developed laminitis from pasture or that have been diagnosed with IR should be allowed limited to no grazing. Download this story as a PDF here. Increase by another 10ml every 2 or 3 days until 50ml is being added to each feed. Magnesium deficiency has also been associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance which are commonly associated with laminitis. In human medicine there has been increasing interest in the potential role of magnesium in supporting the action of insulin. LAMINITIS DEFINED. A chart then follows that lists the consequences of low magnesium/high calcium for cells in the pancreas, fat tissue, muscle, blood-vessels, blood platelets, heart muscle, adrenal glands, nerves, liver and kidneys. Ten horses living in the same paddock may show signs of magnesium deficiency in ten different ways, influenced by individual genetic traits that govern how much magnesium can be absorbed and how much is excreted. Sugar levels may increase rapidly with the return of warm, sunny conditions so it is beneficial to increase magnesium before deficiency signs are obvious. By learning more about laminitis and its causes, signs and treatments, you may be able to minimize the risks of laminitis in your horse or control the long-term damage if it does occur. What to Expect During Equine Dental Exams, Winter Priorities for Best Practices Horse Health Care, Making Your Horse's Dental Health a Winter Time Priority, Meeting Winter Nutritional Needs of Senior Horses, Exposure to Equine Influenza is a Reality for Every Horse. Researchers are suggesting that more studies are needed to see if magnesium supplementation over and above the level normally provided in the diet does have any beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity and laminitis in the horse. Horses should be monitored individually. Much publicity has been given to the risk for laminitis in horses grazing high-fructan pasture or hay. If this happens, reduce the amount of magnesium chloride fed each day to the previous level, then maintain at this level provided manure consistency is normal. Neurosurgeon Russell Blaylock has described the importance of maintaining cellular energy in protecting neurons from exposure to toxic substances, and the role of magnesium in limiting cell damage from the influx of excess calcium. 50% of Laminitis cases could have been avoided with the correct management. There are several key minerals needed for glucose metabolism that help the Cushing’s horses. It has been reported to have a calming effect as well as being beneficial for obese horses and those predisposed to grass induced laminitis. Similarly, any hay being fed should ideally be low-sugar grass hay, although this can frequently be difficult to obtain. pinterest-pin-it. Most feed stores can order blended pellets that do not contain alfalfa, like Timothy/Bermuda. As far as magnesium helping laminitis I've had my guy on Quiessence, which is a magnesium and chromium supplement for laminitis, for 5 months now and it doesn't seem to be helping. Until then it would certainly seem appropriate to ensure that all horses have an adequate intake of magnesium. For those who like to see the detail, there are 75 pages of references. Step 3 Continue slowly increasing the strength of the solution over a period of some six weeks or so until signs of deficiency have disappeared, or until a slight softening of the manure is noticed. As magnesium is needed for such a wide range of body processes, deficiency signs can present in an equally wide range of ways. For severe problems, an introductory period of feeding small amounts of magnesium throughout the day may be beneficial, providing there is no intestinal disruption. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Starting with this very weak solution allows the horse’s body time to adjust to a new source of magnesium. For instance, horses with magnesium deficiency often have very sore tight backs in spite of excellent saddles and pad, proper fit, conditioning and training. Body stores of magnesium cannot be assessed by blood test as only around 1% of body magnesium is found in the blood. The maintenance Mg requirement for horses has been estimated at 13 mg/kg body wt/day and can be provided by a diet containing 0.16% Mg (1,600 ppm of feed) or by adding Mg oxide at 31 mg/kg/day, MgCO 3 at 64 mg/kg/day, or MgSO 4 at 93 mg/kg/day. Cinnamon and Magnesium for Laminitis in Horses? The result is an over-abundance of minerals such as phosphorous and potassium and a deficit of magnesium. Few controlled trials have tested dietary supplements or feed additives but researchers are showing interest in magnesim and cinnamon for treatment and prevention of laminitis in horses. Feeding magnesium twice per day has been found to produce better results than feeding just once per day as the horse is able to absorb a higher overall daily amount. Location: SAN DIEGO, California. Magnesium is vital for energy production, metabolism of other minerals, regulation of blood sugars, maintaining normal muscle and nerve function, as well as strength of bones and teeth. A horse’s Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of magnesium can depend on a range of factors. Approximately half of the horses that develop laminitis are on pasture when the disease develops. Some horses are humanely destroyed because of it. There are several key minerals needed for glucose metabolism that help the Cushing’s horses. Equine laminitis has been with us for a long, long time. This may be different from what is conventionally thought of as ‘laminitis’. The major sign of excess dietary magnesium is diarrhoea or scouring. Horses with magnesium deficiency may have all or only a few of these signs so it is important be aware of them. Raw material sources include the pure waters of high- altitude salt lakes or deep underground salt deposits, both of which are remnants of prehistoric inland seas. This can all occur before any symptoms are apparent and once the process has started it is extremely difficult to stop. Your email address will not be published. Get the absolute best price on Equine Metabolic Syndrome Supplements today. Staying up-to-date on the latest developments in horse care and equine health is now a habit, and she enjoys sharing a wealth of information with horse owners everywhere. A veterinarian should be consulted for advice on any health concerns. Working horses require 10-30% more magnesium for even light to moderate exercise. The ideal environment in which equines thrive includes vast areas of low-sugar native pastures on which to freely roam in their daily search for feed and water. Processing to chelate the magnesium with a carbon-containing group chelated organic magnesium products to cheap inorganic magnesium for horses laminitis! A low magnesium/high calcium cell ratio the product is certified as Food Grade or free from metal. 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