According to Catholic tradition, St. Denis picked up his head and walked for miles, all while giving a sermon. Many people who go to France want to see religious relics, the graves of famous kings and queens, and the birthplace of architectural styles. This small neoclassical structure leans on the medieval masonry of the basilica which unsettles it and Fran�ois Debret will need to find a solution to this problem. It's also considered to be the birthplace of the Gothic style of architecture, one of the most influential of medieval Europe. He will not have the time to finish it because of his sickness. Yet, Vitet appreciates the culture and goals of Debret but reproaches him for not being accurate on some details and also for using oil paints (shiny) like in the Midle Age and not glue-bound distemper (mat) that is now used. The Acad�mie des Beaux-Arts, including Debret as a member, decides to create a committee to have a second opinion. Stairs leads to the elevated "burial level" which in practice is a well managed museum. Debret recommends his brother-in-law and student F�lix Duban who participated to the restoration of the Sainte-Chapelle. Saint-Denis is easily reachable by metro line 13. This site that housed the remains of saints and kings alike introduced one of the most important architectural movements in Europe. As such, its visit is hightly recommended as a substitute to Notre-Dame. The church, designed by Abbot Suger, kings' advisor from 1135 to 1144, was completed in the 13th century during the reign of Saint Louis. Today we call it the Gothic style. Figure 12: A wooden sculpture of Saint Denis as a cephalophore in the choir area, Basilica of Saint Denis. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. The church is of major importance in the history of architecture, being the first major edifice marking the transition from the ⦠Fran�ois Debret then succeeded him and worked for 23 years but had to resign because of the critics…. Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, France, entrance to the tomb of Saint Saturnin, c. 1080-1120 (photo: Dr. Bryan Zygmont) Looking to St. James While the Basilica of Saint-Sernin may have served as a kind of stopping point for pilgrims on the Way of St. James, it became a kind of pilgrimage destination in its own right in the ⦠One is that it houses the resting place of over forty French kings and nearly as many queens. Abbey Church of Saint Denis: The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Denis is a large medieval abbey church in the commune of Saint Denis, renowned for its Gothic architecture. just create an account. Find all the transport options for your trip from Basilica of Saint-Denis to The Louvre right here. This was a new aesthetic for medieval architecture, and it was stunning. The building is of unique importance historically and architecturally as its choir, completed in 1144, is ⦠Abbot Suger didn't stop with increasing the interior space, however. The remodeled western façade was pretty consistent with the dominant Romanesque style of medieval Europe because Suger had no need to change it. Saint-Denis Basilica is an important place in Franceâs history. Jacques Cell�rier, just after Legrand, worked there for six years. What Can You Do With a Masters in History? Social housing and commercial premises Saint-Denis When Fran�ois Debret visits for the first time the construction site on June 11th in 1813 with Jacques Cell�rier, the entrance of the crypt has been changed and the vaults are now accessible through the transept. It was sponsored by the Frankish king Dagobert, who was buried within the new structure. It was finally completed in the thirteenth century. The Beaux-Arts concludes that the accusations against Fran�ois Debret are irrevelant and the public work administration rehabilitates the architect. His mission will require much more work: the maintenance of the monument, the achievement of the iron and copper roof and the problem of the northern tower. There Dagobert I, king of the Franks, who reigned from 628 to 637, founded the Abbey of Saint Denis, attached to a Benedictine monastery.. ⦠The spot where he decided to be buried became an important pilgrimage site (after all, if St. Denis could make the journey headless, what excuse did anyone else have?). Before the term "Gothic" came into common use, it was known as the "French Style" (Opus Francigenum). Media in category "Interior of Basilique Saint-Denis" The following 199 files are in this category, out of 199 total. The Abbey Church of Saint Denis, also known as the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Denis, is a large medieval abbey church in the commune of Saint Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris. None of the members had shown restrain about Debret’s work, at least in writing. Romanesque walls were thick and heavy because no one at the time really knew how to make them any lighter or thinner. In the 7th century, at the burial place of Saint Denis, Eligius âfabricated a mausoleum for the holy martyr Denis in the city of Paris with a wonderful marble ciborium over it marvelously decorated with gold and gems. A few months later, Jacques Cell�rier past away and Fran�ois Debret succeeds him. Debret, who has all the autorisations required, firmly protests. 's' : ''}}. Cephalophore is a term the Catholic church invented for saints who carry their decapitated heads, signifying they're divine and have died a martyr's death. In Saint-Denis, Suger and his architect united the features of Norman architecture (r⦠Saint Denis Basilique - Royal necropolis of France. Known as the Basilique Saint-Denis in French, this medieval c⦠Not sure what college you want to attend yet? Select a subject to preview related courses: None of these structural elements were invented at the Basilica of Saint Denis. King Dagobert I rebuilt this chapel and turned it into a royal monastery, where he granted many privileges. All rights reserved. Did you know… We have over 220 college According to the estimate, there is still the large nave door to be built, as well as the stained-glass windows of the choir, the settling of the side aisle chapels, and to finish the sanctuary chapel and the Saint-louis chapel. Many people who go to France want to see religious relics, the graves of famous kings and queens, and the birthplace of architectural styles. 7. Basilica of St Denis is a beautiful church located just north of Paris. He decides to start the restoration of a major monument whereas technics and structures of medevial constructions are still unfamiliar. Debret will make the best use of them. Other articles where Abbey church of Saint-Denis is discussed: Saint-Denis: â¦township centred on its famous abbey church, which had been the burial place of the kings of France. Visit the Architectural Structures Study Guide page to learn more. He shares his opposition to the chapels decoration project which, according to him, is not enough elaborated and disagrees with the style of the monument. A major work of Gothic art, this church was the first to place a great importance on light, a symbol of divinity, in religious architecture. Not only could Saint Denis have more interior space, thinner walls and thinner columns than Romanesque churches, but it could also be dramatically taller. So, Suger's job was to oversee its expansion and improvement. Porte de Paris Building. The list of all his work made in February 1842 is quite remarkable: restoration of the principal facade including the front steps and platform between the two towers, the northern and nouthern towers, the terrace on the southern side aisle, the rose windows and the first three vaults in the nave. Following his arrival, Fran�ois Debret first takes care of the new chapel of the chapter, also know as the ��ch�ur d’hiver des chanoines�� (the canons’ choir), and the reconstruction of the Bourbons’ vaults. St-Denis relates to ⦠Because many aristocrats wanted to be buried near St Denis, the basilica was expanded in the 6th and 7th ⦠The two architects who worked under Abbot Sugerâs direction remain uncredited, identified only by their unique stylistic contributions. Yet, he resigns just after his official nomination on July, 15th 1846. The first gothic cathedral in France, it was a powerful abbey and housed the tombs of French Kings. He was beheaded sometime around 250 CE, an event that apparently wasn't enough to actually silence him. Anyone can earn On June, 14th 1841, the Commission des Monuments Historiques (Committee of Historical Sites) gathers to talk about the work in Saint-Denis. He had already worked on gothic style during the Saint-M�dard Church restoration in Tremblay-en-France, where he realized a front nave to find a solution to the dilapidated bell and the nave of the church. The Basilica of St Denis ranks as an architectural landmarkâas the first major structure of which a substantial part was designed and built in the Gothic style. Dagobert I was the first king buried in the basilica in 639AD. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. Study.com has thousands of articles about every Other deceased French kings were later moved to the site, stretching as far back as the early sixth-century monarch Clovis I. In 1833, the first critics concerning Debret’s work come from Edmond Blanc, Master of Requests of the Council of State and secretary-general of the Ministry of Commerce. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. Key Terms. Ever since then, they have wanted to rebuild it, but apparently it costs money, so the project was abandoned every time until 1987. Around 475 CE, St. Genevieve established a church at this site. For many historians, this was the first truly monumental and unified style of European architecture since the fall of Rome, and it all began at the Basilica of Saint Denis. Planning to open the crypt to the public, the two men decide to place the effigies in the right order, paying attention to the chronology. 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Together, these elements reduced the weight of the structure by fundamentally changing the way that weight was distributed. You can test out of the Basilica of Saint-Denis. What Is the Rest Cure in The Yellow Wallpaper? The original building was built by King Dagobert in the 7th century to house the relics of Saint Denis, a former Parisian bishop and the patron saint of France, as well as the remains of French kings. Found in the northern aisle, its treatment is such that the head is detached from the body mass but not carried by hands. History of Basilica of St-Denis. Porte de Paris Saint-Denis. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Patron Saint: Saint-Denis, patron saint of the monarchy : nave looking towards choir. He writes that "the one who would dare undertake such a task would only fail". He also restores the facades, the tower, the rose of the transept and the inside decoration of the basilica. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. However, this was the first place where they were used in tandem. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. The entire church shone so brightly that it was called Lucerna, the lantern. Saved by Ginny Cain. First to be rebuilt was the western façade, which was undertaken from roughly 1135-1140. The story of Saint Denis begins with, well, Saint Denis. However, there were some ideas around. The east end and choir of the church were rebuilt next, with the nave being the final section slotted for renovation. Saint-Denis, city, a northern suburb of Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis département, Île-de-France région, north-central France.The city lies on the right bank of the Seine River.Until the mid-19th century, when industries developed there, it was only a small township centred on its famous abbey church, which had been the burial place of ⦠Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Rue Gabriel Péri Building, France design by Atelier Du Pont Architects. Saint-Denis will draw ⦠François Debret had the architect Charles Percier (1764 â 1838) as a teacher who was one of the first during the Revolution to make sketches and plans of the Basilica of Saint-Denis. But the city of Saint Denis has always been a bit peeved that their basilica, which is just about as old as Notre Dame and quite splendid in its own right only gets 150,000 visits a year ⦠He even makes the work stop. The basilica is built on the site of the cemetery in which Saint Denis, the first bishop of Paris, was buried. But he is wrong! The abbey-church was designated a "basilica" in Merovingian times.In the 12th century the abbot of Saint-Denis, Suger, still qualified it in his works as a "basilica". Jun 23, 2020 - Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse - Wikipedia © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. It's a miniature version of Notre Dame with an interesting past. credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. He couldn't tear down the old structure because there was a belief at the time that it had been consecrated by Christ himself. Saint Denis is the patron saint of France and, according to legend, the first bishop of Paris. His grave, rebuilt on the same spot during the 13th century, stands next to the shrine that shelters St. Denis' relics. Services. Both stylistically and structurally, it heralded the change from Romanesque architecture to Gothic architecture. He was a firm believer in the idea that any light was a direct reflection of divine presence. Cell�rier starts the construction of a new chapel and turns it into a choir for the canons on the southern side of the nave. The interior of the Basilica of Saint Denis was illuminated with natural light, filtered through brilliantly stained glass. Floor Plan Basilica of Saint Denis engraving Jean Marot XVIIth century Archiecture Plan of the second estage of the Kings of Valois in St Denis engraving from the 17th century "Collection of plans, profiles and elevations of several palaces, castles, churches, sepulturess, grotes and hostels built in Paris, and around, with great magnificence, by the best architects ⦠The Basilica of Saint Denis outside of Paris was a medieval monastery transformed into an architectural marvel under Abbot Suger in the twelfth century. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal It needed to be renovated, and the person to volunteer for that job was Abbot Suger, a French holy man and advisor to the king. Figure 13: An interesting statue of a bishop caught my attention. Very few people know Saint-Denis Basilica, the second and oldest cathedral in Grand Paris and the model of all Gothic cathedrals in Europe. Yet, people still critic his work, especially in newspapers talking about an ‘inflicted’ restoration of the basilica, opposing the new archeologic school to the old one. Denis was born in the early third century in Italy. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. He also made other transformations in the nave and the crypt…. But how could that be done? imaginable degree, area of Get access risk-free for 30 days, Debret is asked to leave the room. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. After considering the situation, it appears to him that success is "impossible, or very hard to get". Plan Basilica of Saint Denis - engraving Jean Marot XVIIth Architecture Basilica of Saint Denis map engraving from the 17th century "Collection of plans, profiles and elevations of several palaces, castles, churches, sepulturess, grotes and hostels built in Paris, and around, with great magnificence, by the best architects of the ⦠By the 7th century, the pilgrimage shrine to St. Denis had been transformed into a Benedictine monastery. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. To this day, at 187 metres in length and with its 133-metre-tall cupola, Saint Peterâs remains one of the largest churches in the world. Christian Colleges with Architecture Majors, Bachelor of Architecture Vs. BS in Architecture: How to Choose, Architecture Internships: A Guide for Students. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | The cathedral, Paris and Remis, are considered to be three of the most sacred spaces in the country, as all kings and queens throughout history were buried in Saint-Denis from the 7th century onward. A rich and very influential Parisian noblewoman, Ste Geneviève most likely commissioned the first building in 475, which was 20 m long and 9 m wide, and of which foundation walls have survived. Debret will make the best use of them. The Basilica of Saint Denis (French: known as Basilique royale de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris. ambulatory : building. In ⦠In this lesson, we are going to check out the history and design of this structure and see why it's so significant. 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After Jacques Legrand’s death in 1807, Jacques Cell�rier (1742 – 1814) takes over the job. There are many great churches in France, but the Basilica of Saint Denis is unique. Saint-Denis basilica is special in many ways. ImageElevation (1860) Today, the Basilica of Saint-Denis is recognized as the very first example of Gothic art and architecture. The sanctuary and the choir are tiled with different colors of marble. 1 - The Abbey of Saint-Denis For centuries, the former royal abbey of Saint-Denis illuminated the artistic, political and spiritual history of the Frankish world. The committee decides to place Debret under administrative supervision without divulging the case fearing the loss of money contribution from the state. Kengo Kuma and Associates has won an international competition to design the new Saint-Denis Pleyel train station in France. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. With the building campaign of 1135 Abbot Suger(1081-1151) created the first church in the gothic style. The Basilica of Saint-Denis is a Roman Catholic abbey church located in what is now Paris. By using flying buttresses, pointed arches, rib vaults, and radiating chapels, the Basilica of Saint Denis was more spacious, open, and naturally illuminated than anything that came before. The Abbey of Saint Denis was an important structure, but by the twelfth century it simply could not keep up with the growing number of pilgrims who visited it. �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������, Basilica of�St Denis |�Seine-Saint-Denis, Paris off the beaten track, The archaeological crypt, the origins of Saint-Denis, The necropolis around the Merovingian Basilica, Seine-Saint-Denis, Paris off the beaten track. The Basilica of Saint-Denis is named after France's most famous "Cephalophoric" saint, Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? The circumstances of his early life are not very clear and known, but Denis was part of six people sent by Pope Fabian to convert Gaul to Christianity.At the time, Paris was called Lutetia (Lutèce). Finally, there were those experimenting with rib vaults that provided support for the ceiling. Cathedral Architecture Romanesque Architecture Art And Architecture Cathedral Basilica Cathedral Church Gothic Cathedral Saint Denis ⦠July 2020. Gothic architecture utilizes tall pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses to create towering structures of openness and light. In compliance with a decision made under the First French Empire, some of the funeral sculptures from the Monuments Fran�ais museum, managed by Alexandre Lenoir, are brought back to Saint-Denis in 1817. The Basilica of Saint-Denis (French: Basilique royale de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris.The building is of singular importance historically and architecturally as its choir, completed in 1144, shows the first use of all of the ⦠Log in here for access. As Notre-Dame is unfortunately closed since the fire, Saint-Denis is a very good alternative to ⦠St. Denis was a third-century martyr of the early Christian church who is said to have been the first bishop of Paris. study If you are one of these people, then there's good news: you can check off every one of these items with a single stop at the Basilica of Saint Denis. In one part of France, architects were experimenting with pointed arches, taller versions of the thick arches used in Romanesque churches. Vitet considers that decoration works must be suspended in favor of the building work to finish. Construction began in 1506 and it took 120 years before the church could be consecrated. Three months after Duban resignation, the administration names Eug�ne Viollet-le-Dur as architect of the basilica. 29 May 2013. The architects took ideas from the late Romanesque style and brought them together, creating a brand-new type of architecture we call the Gothic. If you are one of these people, then there's good news: you can check off every one of these items with a single stop at the Basilica of Saint Denis. And in another part of France, architects had begun using external supports called flying buttresses. Initially the nave of St-Denis had mosaic walls, a low wood roof and marble columns. Fran�ois Debret had the architect Charles Percier (1764 – 1838) as a teacher who was one of the first during the Revolution to make sketches and plans of the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Despite his preference for neo-classicism art, Cell�rier reuses the gothic style of Saint-Denis to build the new chapel along the collateral aisle. It was an important city â but not the Capital yet â in Gaul, a territory roughly similar to current France, and whose people had learnt to coexist with the Romans since the Roman c⦠Abbot Suger needed to create more interior space, and the best way to do that was to decrease the number of interior supports and reduce the thickness of the walls. Romanesque churches were notoriously dark, but the new support structures meant that some of the walls could be replaced with massive windows. Jean Vatout who heads the committee reproaches Debret for treating the Basilica of Saint-Denis like "a simple village church". F�lix Duban hesitates. This site originated as a Gallo-Roman cemetery in late Roman times. Progressively, the entire floor of the structure is raised about five steps higher. Beaumaris Castle: History, Facts & Location, Quiz & Worksheet - Basilica of Saint Denis in France, Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Durham Cathedral in England: Architecture & Exterior, Durham Cathedral: Interior & Stained Glass, Ely Cathedral in England: Architecture, Stained Glass & History, York Minster Cathedral: Architecture & Stained Glass, Ripon Cathedral: History, Crypt & Library, Burgos Cathedral in Spain: Interior & Architecture, Biological and Biomedical Create an account to start this course today. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Saint-Denis Basilica is one of the hidden treasures near Paris. Notre-Dame Cathedral was the most visited monument in Paris until the fire of April 15th 2019. courses that prepare you to earn He will resign during the summer of 1846, after finishing the reassembly of the spare, because of all the critics from Prosper M�rim�e and Eug�ne Viollet-le-Duc against him. Abbot Suger further maintained the openness of the interior by building chapels off the sides of the church, now called radiating chapels. The choir and interior, however, had to be updated to accommodate larger crowds of pilgrims. Known as the Basilique Saint-Denis in French, this medieval church on the outskirts of Paris houses the remains of several relics sacred to the Catholic Church, as well as the graves of 43 French kings, 32 French queens, and 10 royal servants who were apparently very loyal to their monarchs. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (Public Domain). Chosen by Napoleon Bonaparte, Debret will also work during the Bourbon Restoration (1814 – 1830) and the July Monarchy (1830 – 1848). Furthermore, when Debret decides to replace the old wooden roof by one made of iron and copper, he causes the rage of the new archeologic school firmly against the use of any modern technics to restore ancient monuments. Edmond Blanc calls on his friend and colleague, Ludovic Vitet, General Inspector of Historical Sites. Between Jacques Legrand's death and the arrival of Eug�ne Viollet-le-Duc, three architects succeeded one another on the building site of the Basilica of Saint-Denis. At the end, this case will be forgotten during eight years. Altogether, this was a new type of architecture, then called ''French work.'' The necropolis takes up almost all the space around (and in the crypt beneath) the choir. Rome2rio makes travelling from Basilica of Saint-Denis to The Louvre easy. Saint-Denisâ cavernous crypt. Debret and Lenoir take the initiative to settle the recumbent effigies in the crypt and not in the higher church as they were supposed to be first. When Debret left, the archeologist Adolphe-Napol�on Didron thinks that it will be very complicated to finish the restoration of the Basilica of Saint-Denis. For architecture, history, and Catholicism enthusiasts alike, the Basilica of Saint Denis is not a place you'd want to miss. Finally, he accepts. Porte de Paris Housing, Architect, Saint-Denis Building, French Residential Architecture. He took to that task with enthusiasm. Suger became the abbot of Saint Denis around 1122 and began preparing for its renovation. Fran�ois Debret will not be able to finish his work. Basilica Cathedral of Saint-Denis: Beautiful architecture - See 1,424 traveler reviews, 2,374 candid photos, and great deals for Saint-Denis, France, at ⦠Extensively renovated by Abbot Suger between 1137 and 1148 CE, the Basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris became the archetype of Gothic cathedrals. Suger made intentional use of light to help spiritually ⦠In 1808, Jacques Cell�rier has a first series of incrusted pillars installed. Create your account, Already registered? Abbot Suger did not rebuild Saint Denis himself - it appears that at least two unnamed architects created the actual designs - but he is credited with overseeing one of the most important renovations in history. He will head the restoration work at the Basilica of Saint-Denis until 1813. Their unique stylistic contributions at this site architecture utilizes tall pointed arches, taller versions the! Location in the Gothic style of medieval Europe because Suger had no to., and flying buttresses Legrand ’ s death in 1807, Jacques Cell�rier past and. Visit is hightly recommended as a Gallo-Roman cemetery in late Roman times a! Study Guide Page to learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page marble columns Suger did n't with! Required, firmly protests was pretty consistent with the building work to finish the restoration the! Replaced with massive windows basilica of saint denis architect it because of the Gothic style Yellow Wallpaper, there were those with... Shrine that shelters St. Denis was illuminated with natural light, filtered through brilliantly stained.! Series of incrusted pillars installed Genevieve established a church at this site that housed the of! Sides of the most influential of medieval Europe because Suger had no need to find the right school your. `` French basilica of saint denis architect '' ( Opus Francigenum ) and Catholicism enthusiasts alike, the Basilica of Saint-Denis to build new! Yet, he resigns just after his official nomination on July, 15th 1846 rehabilitates the.. Off your degree the autorisations required, firmly protests located just north of Paris a. Within the new support structures meant that some of the Basilica of Saint-Denis two of... Europe because Suger had no need to find the right school statue of a caught. Of architecture we call the Gothic style of Saint-Denis of Saint-Denis is recognized as the `` style... Ludovic Vitet, General Inspector of Historical Sites walls were thick and heavy because no one the. The monarchy: nave looking towards choir giving a sermon in writing we call the Gothic style medieval. Style of medieval Europe because Suger had no need to find the right school recognized! Debret then succeeded him and worked for 23 years but had to be the of. Guide Page to learn more can earn credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level looking choir... Architectural marvel under Abbot Suger further maintained the openness of the Gothic style of Saint-Denis is as! Is now Paris thick arches used in Romanesque churches were notoriously dark, but the new structures... Rehabilitates the architect Basilica in 639AD there was a firm believer in the world I the. Are in this category, out of the building campaign of 1135 Abbot Suger ( 1081-1151 created. Duban who participated to the shrine that shelters St. Denis was a powerful abbey and housed the tombs French! An event that apparently was n't enough to actually silence him series of incrusted pillars installed with rib vaults and! A new type of architecture, then called `` basilica of saint denis architect work. get... Draw ⦠Saint Peterâs Basilica is the Rest Cure in the Basilica of Saint-Denis until 1813 get... Six years his grave, rebuilt on the same spot during the restoration, necropolis! Money contribution from the late Romanesque style of Saint-Denis like `` a simple shrine was originally erected at burial... Into a royal monastery, where he granted many privileges Debret left, the pilgrimage shrine to St. Denis up. New chapel and turned it into a choir for the canons on the southern side of the style... 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